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Interference theory is theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning when there is an interaction between the new material and transfer effects of past learned behavior, memories or thoughts that have a negative influence in comprehending the new material. Bringing to memory old knowledge has the effect of impairing both the speed of learning and memory performance. There are two main kinds of interference: *proactive interference (Proactive learning ) *retroactive interference (Retroactive learning ) The main assumption of interference theory is that the stored memory is intact but unable to be retrieved due to competition created by newly acquired information.〔 ==History== John A. Bergström, a German psychologist, is credited as conducting the first study regarding interference in 1892. His experiment was similar to the Stroop task and required subjects to sort two decks of card with words into two piles. When the location was changed for the second pile, sorting was slower, demonstrating that the first set of sorting rules interfered with learning the new set. German psychologists continued in the field with Georg Elias Müller and Pilzeker in 1900 studying retroactive interference. To the confusion of Americans at a later date, Müller used "associative Hemmung" (inhibition) as a blanket term for retroactive and proactive inhibition.〔 The next major advancement came from American psychologist Benton J. Underwood in 1915. Underwood found that as the number of lists learned increased, the retention of the last list learned decreased after 24 hours. In 1924, James J. Jenkins and Karl Dallenbach showed that everyday experiences can interfere with memory with an experiment that resulted in retention being better over a period of sleep than over the same amount of time devoted to activity.〔 The United States again made headway in 1932 with John A. McGeoch suggesting that decay theory should be replaced by an interference theory.〔 The most recent major paradigm shift came when Underwood proposed that proactive inhibition is more important or meaningful than retroactive inhibition in accounting for forgetting. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「interference theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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